What I think:
#1) Each skill has a set number of levels, and that set number is determined by the character's stats. Each skill is governed by one of the five stats: Reflexes, Intelligence, Body, Cool, and Technical. The bar represents progress towards the next skill level.
#2) A perk slot is unlocked at every two skill levels. A stat can be no higher than 10, which means skills have a maximum of 10 levels -- which, if what I think is accurate, perfectly corresponds to the five perk slots (10/2 = 5).
Here's an edited version of your screenshot, with colour-coded highlights to point out what I mean. The circly ones are about #1, the purple quadrilaterals about #2. Intelligence and Technical only govern one skill.
View attachment 11013911
(Right-click and 'View Image' to see the full-size version.)