As has been well documented, the famous excavations at the site of the battle of visby on gotland off the coast of sweden have revealed a tremendous wealth of archaeological evidence about the nature of medieval battle wounds(as well as armor) In July 1361, a small peasant force was defeated in three battles by danish soldiers. Over 1200 corpses were left in grave pits outside the city of visby. Likely because of high temperatures on the day of the summer battle, the corpses were not stripped of their armor as usual but quickly dumped in mass graves. The mass graves show a wide range and diversity of armor types. Everything from soft and hard leather to differing sizes of mail and "coat of plate" was discovered. No two pieces are identical, with each having been made for the individual. Both noble and commoner appear to have been armored in at least some way.
Most interesting is what the skeletal remains of the visby site reveal about their wounds. Excavations and forensic examinations of the skeletal remians were made and the injuries to bones recorded in detail. More then 450 skeletons showed tremendous injuries. Of the more then 1,000 corpses, the majority had major limb wounds. About half or more of the corpses also appear to have died as a result of head wounds, but 70 percent or so of those also suffered serious leg wounds as well.
The shinbones and leg armor of many skeletons were nicked and cut into. More then 70 percent of the corpses had wounds to their lower legs; about 12 percent had wounds to their thighs only. One man had both legs cut off by an apparent single blow. Helmeted skulls were found that had been cleaved clean through, others had parts of their craniums sliced off. Most of the visby remains however, show no bone trauma; suggesting that they died of soft tissue damage, or flesh wounds(arrows, spears, slices, and stabs). considering that they were still wearing armor, this fact could also be the result of either blunt trauma or thrusts. There are also many indications that individuals died from wounds delivered to their backs, likely while retreating or fleeing.
Recent study speculates that the visby excavations say a great deal about the overall importance of attacking the lower legs in medieval combat. More then 75 percent of blows to the left shin of the skeletons were made to the outer side. thus it is easy to see that the casualties received their wounds when standing in a familiar, left-leg forward sword and shield stance.