A somewhat popular take seems to be that at least by the end V learns what they want in life, after being forced to face their own mortality. That they're able to live their remaining time to the fullest after choosing what to prioritize between family/friends and the dream of being a legend. And I can see that it works quite well if you RP V a certain way (starting as an ambitious, materialistic corpo that gets close to the Aldecaldos and ends up leaving with them, or dreaming of being a NC legend with Jackie from the start and achieving it, etc).
It doesn't work for me. The interpretation is usually based on the contrast between the The Sun and The Star, doesn't take The Devil into account and ignores different motives for picking the final allies on the rooftop. NC is a shithole but some people still thrive in it, and 6 months are an incredibly short time to "live life to the fullest", especially in V's condition. So yeah, I never got that feeling.
There are a lot of recurring themes in the game and they're all valid, but they're also often conflicting and don't work for all characters. Quiet life/blaze of glory, will to live/acceptance of death, materialism/spiritualism, desensitization/empathy, relationships and close connections/lonely ambitions, the different motives for picking each lifepath, the morality of corps and those who oppose them, and probably many others I can't think of right now.
I agree that V grows from the experience, or at least has the possibility to do so. In the conversation with the doll at Clouds one of the dialogue options shows that V never really thought about their own death, only considered it as something that happened to other people and they had to deal with. But while the price to pay for being a legend is one of the recurring messages of the game, and players can easily RP V to take a clear "quiet life vs blaze of glory" journey, I never saw it as the core message of the main quest and it definitely didn't fit my V. Her only evident struggle was with survival, the only journey was towards a cure. She ended Act 3 in a very similar position to how she started Act 2. Wiser and more resourceful, but still dying and grieving another friend. More than a message, the ending raised a question mark.