Last night I watched this documentary, Decoding Neanderthals, and I recommend it to anyone interested in recent advances in the history of our species (from highly reputable sources such as the Max Planck Institute). It basically summarizes recent discoveries that debunk the old, uninformed idea that Neanderthals were beastly brutes that only happen to come across stone tools. What we've known for quite a few years now (and made it into a documentary) is they had a deep understanding of the world and how to engineer tools (not just utensils) for multiple uses, which requires a complex modeling of the world and a representational engine, i.e. language. Also, we all have Neanderthal genes which means Sapiens Sapiens and Sapiens Neanderthalensis were the same species. Gotta appreciate our bygone cousins.