This happens on a lot of npcs (mainly corpo npcs).
This problem has been around for a long time (like near release).
NPC appearance (.app) randomisation has changed over many patches and I think its possible to see that in how there are more duplicate npcs in recent patches. Unfortunately, if one of your heavily duplicated npcs has one of these .apps, then you can start seeing them everywhere. I never saw Corpo guy 1 and 3 until patch 1.3 for example, and then I started seeing them everywhere around corpo plaza. However, I've spoken to multiple people on the modding discord who have screenshots of corpo guy 3 from way before 1.3.
You can use a mod like AMM to ban these npc .apps when you have your crosshair over them. This is a pretty convenient way of stopping these broken appearances from spawning. Alternatively, you can go around and note all of their appearance names and kill of their .apps together in one .archive mod.
As for why it happens? I'm not really sure. I have had bizaare protrusions if my rig is bad. i.e. I've pinned a vertex group to the wrong bone. Exploding vertices is something that many modders are familiar with if they edit a mesh and forget to import the vertex buffer. I've done this a lot so at first I thought it was a garment mesh I broke (it isn't though).
For copo guy 3, all of his garment meshes are fine. Those have been tested on the modding discord. His appearance file is citizen__rich_ma_rich_01.app. This is what he looks like:
My theory is the .app is pointing to a censored non player body mesh. entity is loading non-censored mesh. Vertex order is different. Exploding verts. Something like that?
For the weird protrusions that aren't exploding all over the place. I have no idea. Possibly modified the skeleton of a non player body mesh in an early patch and certain garments have the same bone from the prior skeleton with a different position/rotation?