For that matter, how does Goro know that V is involved at all? All he should know at this point is that the old man is dead and his son probably did it. Nobody but Dex and V should even know that there was a chip heist at all.
Goro doesn't know at first...
After the heist and its "fail" (which was a pretty big and risky job, most likely organized bu a fixer), people involved more likely wanted to leave the city as fast as possible. Goro and Arasaka most likely watched the borders or any other means of leaving the city, including space shuttles (If you didn't go right away in the bathroom to wash your hands and your face, you can hear Dex ordering "one seat" in a space shuttle^^).
Dex ordered a seat on a shuttle which is in an area totally under Arasaka control... So smart
There can't be a lot of fixers looking to leave Night City discreetly, especially soon after the heist and who ordering the same day... Then Dex just say everything to Goro, thinking Goro will spare in fat ass.
Yorinobu is well aware that he does no longer have the Relic... And smasher saw Jackie and V while leaving the Konpeki in the Delamain... Goro just did what Yorinobu ordered, find those who "kill his father". That's exactly what he did.
Edit : A "detail" that I forgot to point out but which is important

T-Bug most likely been Soulkilled and been stored as an engram in Mikoshi. So with T-Bug engram, Yorinobu probably have all the infos about the heist. But he say only what he want to Goro who is a good soldier and do whatever Arasaka-sama order
